Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:
Biomonitoring
Course:
Biomonitoring
Študijski program in stopnja /
Study programme and level		 Študijska smer /
Study field		 Letnik /
Academic year		 Semester /
Semester
Ekotehnologije, 3. stopnja / 1 1
Ecotechnologies, 3nd cycle / 1 1
Vrsta predmeta / Course type
Izbirni
Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:
EKO3-869
Predavanja
Lectures		 Seminar
Seminar		 Vaje
Tutorial		 Klinične vaje
work		 Druge oblike
študija		 Samost. delo
Individ. work		 ECTS
15 15 15 105 5

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:
prof. dr. Milena Horvat
Sodelavci / Lecturers:
Jeziki / Languages:
Predavanja / Lectures:
Slovenski ali angleški / Slovene or English
Vaje / Tutorial:
Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:
Prerequisites:

Vsebina:
Content (Syllabus outline):

Predmet obsega naslednje:
- Definicije, osnove bioindikacije/biomonitoringa v okolju in pri ljudeh (humanega biomonitoringa).
- Uporaba okoljske bioindikacije/biomonitoringa za ugotavljanje stanja okolja v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih kot posledica onesnaževanja vode, zraka in tal z različnimi onesnažili (žveplove spojine, dušikove spojine, fotooksidanti, težke kovine, radionuklidi, obstojne organske snovi...)
- Ravni in načini bioindikacije (kazalci, akumulatorji / monitorji)
- Vrste bioindikatorjev: bioindikacija z epifitskimi lišaji, mahovi; višje rastline kot indikatorji onesnaženosti zraka ali tal; onesnaženje tal in bioindikacija (glive, mikroorganizmi); višje živali (ribe, srnjad, ptiči) kot indikatorji stanja okolja; primeri uporabe biomonitoringa v različnih mednarodnih programih, zakonodaji
- Humani biomonitoring (planiranje, izvedba, interpretacija, komikacija)
- Biomarkerji izpostavljenosti, občutljivosti in vpliva - Prikaz ključnih slovenskih, evropskih in svetovnih programov okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa
- Povezava okoljske in humane bioindikacije

The subject includes the following:
- Definitions, basics of bioindication / biomonitoring in the environment and in humans (human biomonitoring).
- Use of environmental bioindication / biomonitoring to determine the state of the environment in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as a result of pollution of water, air, soil with various pollutants (sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, photooxidants, heavy metals, radionuclides, persistent organic substances ...).
- Levels and methods of bioindication (indicators, accumulators / monitors).
- Types of bioindicators: Bioindication with epiphytic lichens, mosses; Higher plants as indicators of air or soil pollution, soil contamination and bioindication (fungi, microorganisms). Higher animals (fish, deer, birds) as indicators of the state of the environment.
- Humane biomonitoring (planning, execution, interpretation, comic)
- Biomarkers exposed to vulnerability, sensitivity and influence.
- Presentation of key Slovenian, European and global programs of environmental and humane bioindication.

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

- National Research Council. 2006. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals. Washington, DC:
The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11700.
- Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Vol. 1 and Vol.2 (ed. L. Knudsen) RCS Publishing 2014.
- Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2015.
- Markert, B.A., Breure A.M., Zechmeister, H.G. (Eds), 2003. Bioindicators & Biomonitors, Principles,
Concepts and Applications (Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment 6), 997 str.,
Elsevier,
- Mulgrew, A., Williams, P., 2000. Biomonitoring of air quality using plants. Air Hygiene Report 10,
Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre WHO Collaborating Cetre for Air Quality Management and
Air Pollution Control FEA Berlin & Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre WHO Collaborating
Centre for Monitoring and Assessment, King's College London, 164 str., ISSN 0938-9822.

Cilji in kompetence:
Objectives and competences:

Glavni cilj predmeta je doseči usposobljenost in čim večjo percepcijsko širino študentov pri razumevanju bioindikatorijev v okolju in pri ljudeh.

Študent bo ob zaključku sposoben:
- Razumeti stanja v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih v povezavi z antropogenimi vplivi s pomočjo rastlin, živali, gliv, mikroorganizmov kot indikatorskih organizmov.
- Obvladovati principe in pomen uporabe organizmov za sledenje stanja okolja v vodnih in kopenskih ekosistemih v primerjavi s fizikalno- kemičnimi meritvami.
- Razumeti različne načine (odzivne, akumulatorske, monitorje) in ravni (celica, organizem, populacija; zgradba, funkcija, produkcija) uporabe bioindikatorjev za sledenje vnosa najpogostejših zračnih onesnažil v naravne in antropogene kopenske ekosisteme glede na vrsto onesnaženja.
- Razumeti pomen humanega biomonitoringa v kontekstu ocene zunanje in notranje izpostavljenosti ljudi in pri okoljski oceni učinkov na zdravje.

The main objective of the course is to achieve the qualification and maximum perception of students in the understanding of bioindicators in the environment and in humans.

The student will be able to:
- Understand the conditions in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in connection with anthropogenic influences with the help of plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms as indicator organisms.
- To master the principles and significance of the use of organisms for monitoring the state of the environment in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems compared to physical and chemical measurements.
- Understand different ways (response, battery, monitors) and levels (cell, organism, population, structure, function, production) of using bioindicators to track the most frequent air pollutants entering natural and anthropogenic terrestrial ecosystems, depending on the type of pollution.
- Understand the importance of human biomonitoring in the context of external and exposure assessment in humans and environmental health impact assessment.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:
Intendeded learning outcomes:

Znanje in razumevanje:
- Osnovni principi bioindikacije/biomonitoringa
-Metode uporabe bioindikacije/biomonitoringa

Študenti bodo z uspešno opravljenimi obveznostmi tega predmeta pridobili:
- Pregled najbolj pogostih metod biomonitoringa glede na vrsto ekosistema, način onesnaževanja in tip onesnažila
- Sposobnost uporabe biomonitoringa za specifični primer
- Povezava okoljskega biomonitoringa z različnimi tehnologijami in drugimi fizikalno-kemijskimi metodami.

Prenesljive/ključne spretnosti in drugi atributi:
- Uporaba domače in tuje literature
- Pridobivanje sposobnosti celovitega razumevanja okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa v kontekstu varstva okolja
- Vključevanje znanja v gradnjo hipotez za reševanje problemov, ciljano k temi doktorata

Knowledge and Understanding:
- Basic principles of bioindication / biomonitoring
- Methods of using bioindication / biomonitoring

Students successfully completing this course will acquire:
- Overview of the most frequent biomonitoring methods according to the type of ecosystem, pollution type and type of pollutant
- Ability to use biomonitoring for a specific case study
- Linking environmental biomonitoring with different technologies and other physicochemical methods.

Transferable / Key Skills and other attributes:
- Use of national and international literature
- Acquiring the capability of a comprehensive understanding of environmental and human biomonitoring in the context of environmental protection
- Incorporation of knowledge into the construction of hypotheses for problem solving, thematically linked to postgraduate thesis

Metode poučevanja in učenja:
Learning and teaching methods:

Sistematična predavanja
- razgovor
- reševanje problemov
- ekperimentalno delo

Terensko delo
- praktični primeri

Systematic lectures
- conversation
- problem solving
- experimental work

Fieldwork
- practical examples

Načini ocenjevanja:
Delež v % / Weight in %
Assesment:
Seminarska naloga
25 %
Seminar work
Ustni izpit
50 %
Oral exam
Zagovor seminarske naloge, pri katerem dokaže osvojitev vseh študijskih izidov z vsaj po enim konkretnim primerom.
25 %
Defense of the seminar work where the student demonstrates the achievement of all learning outcomes with at least one specific case for each outcome
Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:
1. HORVAT, Milena. Environmental biomonitoring as a tool in risk and impact assessment associated with post-conflict restoration and rehabilitation. V: MACHLIS, Gary E. (ur.). Warfare ecology : a new synthesis for peace and security : [proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on Warfare ecology: synthesis, priorities and policy implications for peace and security, Vieques, Puerto Rico, 10-12 December 2009], (NATO science for peace and security series, ISSN 1874-6519, C, Environmental security). Dordrecht: Springer. cop. 2011, str. 189-197.
2. HORVAT, Milena, SNOJ TRATNIK, Janja, MIKLAVČIČ VIŠNJEVEC, Ana. Mercury : biomarkers of exposure and human biomonitoring. V: KNUDSEN, Lisbet E. (ur.), MERLO, Domenico Franco (ur.). Biomarkers and human biomonitoring. Volume 1, Ongoing programs and exposures, (Issues in toxicology). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2011, str. 381-417.
3. HORVAT, Milena, ŠLEJKOVEC, Zdenka, FALNOGA, Ingrid. Arsenic : biomarkers of exposure and human biomonitoring. V: KNUDSEN, Lisbet E. (ur.), MERLO, Domenico Franco (ur.). Biomarkers and human biomonitoring. Volume 1, Ongoing programs and exposures, (Issues in toxicology). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2011, str. 418-445.
4. BASU, Niladri, HORVAT, Milena, EVERS, David C., ZASTENSKAYA, Irina, WEIHE, Pal, TEMPOWSKI, Joanna. A state-of-the-science review of mercury biomarkers in human populations worldwide between 2000 and 2018. Environmental health perspectives. 2018, vol. 126, no. 10, str. 106001-1-106001-14, ilustr. ISSN 1552-9924. DOI: 10.1289/EHP3904.s and fugures. Copenhagen: WHO = World Health Organization, 2015. XIII, 88 str., ilustr. [COBISS.SI-ID 28620839]
5. RUNKEL, A. HORVAT, Milena, et al., Exposure of children and adolescents from Northeastern Slovenia to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Chemosphere. [Online ed.]. Apr. 2023, vol. 321, [article no.] 138096, str. 1-11, ilustr. ISSN 1879-1298. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653523003636?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138096.